Understanding and analysing self harm

Understanding and analysing self harm Self harm in all of its forms is one of the greatest dangers that face vulnerable adolescents, promoting unhealthy cycles, and increasing the risk of suicide and from the perspective of a school nurse, the problem is very evident. Whilst providing duties to young people with, or prone to, psychological, emotional or mental help problems it is clear that self harm is an ever increasing issue. There is evidence that would suggest that the rates of self harm within the UK are the highest in Europe (Mental Health Foundation, 2006, a) and as such, this act should be considered one of our nations significant health concerns. Self harm is a complicated and very challenging problem to face and as such a deep understanding of self harm is vital to combating it. In reviewing literature we must interpret a comprehensive volume of information relating to a given topic. In this instance the topic at hand is self-harm, and as such we are required to study and absorb as much of the available information in order to digest it into new insights and to provide evidence to inform our practical decisions. In this specific review the aim is to use the available literature to identify the most prominent and prevalent challenges that could face a school nurse in the treatment and management of youths that self harm. The act of self-harm has become all the more common amongst adolescents (Fortune and Hawton, 2005) (Laukkanen et al, 2009), wherein as many as one in 15 youths undertake self harm at one point or more in their lives (Mental Health Foundation, 2006, a). Self harm involves many types of personal injury, from poisoning to starving, though cutting is the predominant method of self injury (Lakkanen et al, 2009) and because of this, I have ensured to differentiate cutting, from other means of self harm within this review. The primary approach of this review is to attempt to identify the most prominent literature relative to this topic within the UK. Unfortunately there is only a small pool of literature governing the topic of self harm in youths; even foreign literature on the topic is just as underdeveloped and lacking, often using differing terminology, such as self-Mutilation (Derouin and Bravender, 2004). A further category of self harm that requires specific definition is the term Deliberate self harm, otherwise known as DSH. Whilst it is most frequently used in UK literature pertaining to the subject, it has been regarded as controversial, because of the mental connotations behind the disorder. (NICE, 2004). People who commit self harm, tend to not feel comfortable with the use of the word deliberate, as it disrupts the notion that the act is voluntary, which a lot of sufferers disbelieve (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2007). In recognising different perspectives on the matter, the term deliberate should no longer be used in relation to self harm, to give an enlightened view of the topic within this literature review. When discussing young people or adolescent in this report, the terms will refer to any young person between 12 and 18 years of age. The average age of onset for self harm is 12 years (mental health foundation, 2006, a), however children as young as five years old have been reported to self harm (Bywaters and Rolfe, 2002). The cases of children that young performing self harm is very uncommon, and the rate tends to increase rapidly with age throughout adolescence (Hawton et al, 2003). Methodology. Gathering literary sources was done by utilising a search of CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), a database for nurising based literature reviews. It is particularly suiting as it relaties specifically to nursing and allied health literature (Aveyard, 2010). In order to get the most comprehensive list of resources, several terms were used within the search; Cut* self-harm self-mutilation, Adolescent and School nurse in order to provide a wide range of literature related to the topic. Recent papers, such as those published within the last five to ten years were used. In order to gather enough information, the limit was extended to ten years, as there was simply not enough sources within a five year bracket. When performign these searches, the search terms were often linked in order to provide the best set of results. Other databases were used, using a similar method as this to good results. They included The British Nursing Inde, and PsychINFO. It is often emphasised how important it is to combine search strategies (Greenhalgh and Peacock, 2005), within literature reviews. Despite the advantage electronic searches provide, it is still possible to miss key sources of literature. (Montori et al, 2004). Every step to ensure the best quality of literature is provided should be taken, and as such within this review, any appropriate cited references have been thoroughly checked and sourced. In following various searches, the extracts from the articles were read for relevance to the review. They were also regarded to see if they met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and for general relevance and importance. The critical apraisal skills programme was used to great effect in ascertaining the quality of certain articles (Aveyard, 2010). Further articles that did not meet criteria at this stage were disregarded from the study. As could be expected, all literature that had been collated showed similarities in their findings and themes. These have been used to link the findings in a systematic manner for the purpose of this review (Pope et al, 2007). Prevelance, rates, reasons to harm, the factors behind harming, suicidal intentions and intervention are all themes which need to be studied and examined for the problems and considerations faced by a medical professional when encountering them. Prevelance One thought that is unanimous within studies concerning self-harm is that the act itself is much more than simply attention seeking behaviour. (Mental Health Foundation, 2006, a). This is supported by the instances in which youths attempt to hide their attempts behind long sleeved tops, or by cutting in areas of the body that are hidden from view, such as the inner thigh or the axilla (Freeman, 2002). Because of this, many acts of self-harm do not come to the attention of the healthcare services, so it is almost impossible to discern the true scale of the matter. However in one study 13 .2% of adolescents reported to have purposefully harmed themselves within their lives (Hawthorn and Rodam, 2006). There have been many studies on the matter, but it is difficult to compare results due to varying age groups and conditions. Two facts seem t o be agreed upon however, and they are that cutting is the most prevalent type of self-harm (Laukkanen et al, 2009) and that in all likelihood the true scale of the problem goes unrecorded. The latter could be due to several reasons; between youths hiding the fact they perform self-harm and that parents who have no fears in regards to their children, are less likely to give consent to permit these studies recording data. (Hintikka et al, 2009). With all reports agreeing that the situation as a whole reflects merely the tip of an iceberg, and that findings do not cover the majority of acts that go unnoticed by the medical services, health professionals require a greater understanding of the topic, in order to tackle the problem when they do encounter it. As School Nurses are often the first to contact youths who self harm (McDougal, 2003), it is even more vital to provide an understanding and means to address this problem. Whilst establishing a professional where pupils feel comfortable in disclosing their behaviour , it is also vital to promote awareness in the school and community at large of the dangers of this self-harming behaviour (Hackney, 2009). However the root of the problem lies in identifying those who are prone to cutting and other acts of self harm, and understanding why they choose to take this step. Why Adolescents Self-Harm There appear to be many reasons offered as to why adolescents choose to harm themselves including to feel more alive, to distract from the reality of their situation, and to even gain relief from the pressures that surround them (Mental Health Foundation, 2006, a). It can be used as a means of dealing with emotional extremes of anger, sadness or depression (Mental Health Foundation, 2006, a), or even as a means of expressing negative emotions such as self-loathing or loneliness. Whatever the cause, the reason behind it is often that the adolescents mind finds it easier to deal with physical pain and trauma than the emotional pain that is the root of the problem (Medical Health Foundation, 2006, a). Physically, there are endorphins released during the act of cutting which serve as to calm the person down (Starr, 2004). In doing this, the anxiety is reduced and not only is the adolescent satisfied emotionally, but also potentially addicted physically. Adolescents often feel that betwee n studies and their family, they have no control over their own life; and as such cutting can be a means of exerting control over themselves physically. (Derouin and Bravender, 2004). However in certain circumstances, it can be used to exert control of those around the youth, such as friends, family, and other loved ones. (Freeman, 2002). With this in mind, it is understandable why youths take to self harm as a means of resolving their emotional issues, as it has been recorded that most youths who have undertaken the act, hold it in a positive light (Griesbach, 2008). However it is only a temporary solution and an often dangerous one at that. Any gratification gained from the act itself does nothing to relive the underlying problem (Mental Health Foundation, 2006), and as such cannot be expected to resolve itself. Those who choose to self harm, tend to do so because of a complex combination of reasons and experiences, rather than a single, governing event (Fox and Hawton, 2004). As such, it can often be difficult for a Nurse to address these issues as a collective when dealing with those who self-harm. Factors associated to Self Harm Girls are more prone to internalise their problems than boys and as such, certain pieces of literature believe that girls are far more likely than boys to resort to self harm (Hawton et al, 2002). In contradiction to this, certain texts would state that in a study of admissions to an accident and emergency department, almost as many boys were admitted as girls, for the act of self harm (Lilley et al, 2008). As such, it is important to acknowledge that the differences between genders, may not reflect the likelihood of cutting as any greater than the other. There a re also emotional factors tied to self harm, tha t include feelings of loneliness, isolation, depression, frustration and worthlessness (Griesbach, 2008). These feelings in and of themselves often a re enough to cause concern that a youth could self harm, however combined with other factors such as separation from loved ones (through arguments or neglect), bullying or even abuse could amplify the risk of self-harm (Griesbach, 2008). It is just as important when considering these factors, that not everybody who has suffered neglect or abuse will self-harm, and that those that have will often handle things in a less destructive manner (Turp, 2002). Other behavioural factors have been linked to those who self-harm, which include aggressive tendencies, poor educational performance, substance abuse, and most commonly depressive moods (Laukkanen et al, 2009). There are also those who suffer from stress, or who feel as if they have little control over their life. (Griesbach, 2008) Family and Relationships Whilst behavioural problems can be tied to the reasons behind self-harm, often it is those closest to the adolescent that promote these issues, knowingly or otherwise, such as a parental figure providing either overprotection, or a lack of care (Marchetto, 2006). There are many psychosocial issues that may impart negative emotions, stress, or pressures upon a youth, with serious family and relationship problems being the more common (Laukkanen et al, 2009). With this to consider, a school nurse must realise that even the most superficial act of self harm could be linked to a very deep and complex series of psychosocial problems. Young people often feel uncomfortable opening up about such backgrounds, regardless of family circumstance (Griesbach, 2008) and consequently it can be difficult for a school nurse to uncover the true cause of self-harm with a patient. This difficulty in opening up must be considered when assessing a youth suspected of self harm in order to best establish a r elationship with the patient and thus a level of trust (Griesbach, 2008). Mental concerns. A high proportion of children can be diagnosed with mental disorders. With mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and even eating disorders being strongly linked to those who self-harm (Hintikka et al, 2009), these high proportions become all the more concerning. According to The Mental Health Foundation (2006, b) One in ten children have a mental health disorder, coupled with the strong links between self harm and these disorders gives cause for concern as to how much goes unrecorded. Depression has even been recognised as a major factor behind self harm (Derouin and Bravender, 2004), which is becoming even more common with girls who choose to cut. (Hintikka et al, 2009). However there is often a stigma attached to mental health issues that a school nurse will have to overcome when addressing these problems. Often establishing a heightened awareness of these disorders within the community will remove some of the stigma related to these disorders, and in turn will encoura ge youths to be more open and healthy with their thoughts (Hackney, 2009). Some adolescents however, have been discovered to have self-harmed for years by successfully hiding their injuries, and have shown no signs of a mental disorder (Derouin and Bravender, 2004) that stimulates the necessity to cut. Even if mental problems are not to blame however, the act of self harm is a sign that something is wrong within the youths life; self harm often being the outward response to unfavourable circumstances (Griesbach, 2008). Social Circumstances Peer pressure is an all too common part of adolescence. In regards to self-harm, this combined with curiosity and risk taking behaviour will often act as encouragement to try it (Derouin and Bravender, 2004). It is important for a school nurse to understand the presence of peer pressure, and be mindful of it when assisting those who have to overcome self-mutilation. Indeed it is necessary to be mindful of all outside social developmental issues when a school nurse attempts to break the cycle of cutting with a patient. (Derouin and Bravender, 2004). Suicide. Whilst those who choose to self cut or self mutilate often are not intending to attempt suicide, there can often be a risk. Often they are simply attempting to release extreme anxiety or inner pain, (Derouin and Bravender, 2004). However, there are difficulties when addressing this problem as a school nurse. Those who choose to cut are often less likely to be at risk of suicide than those who harm in a different manner; often their only aim is to release tension, and they are more in control of the damage they are inflicting than other methods. (Griesbach, 2008). However, evidence supports the notion that those who self-harm, will repeatedly self-harm, and in turn this increases their risk of suicide, intended or not (Cleaver, 2007). It is important to remember that in general young people will see suicide, and self-harm as two very separate things. Unfortunately for a school nurse, the characteristics of those who self-harm and those who intend to commit suicide are often shared (Hawton and James, 2005). Thus it can be a very challenging experience for a School Nurse to identify pupils who self harm who are at risk of suicide in a medium or a short term. It is vital for School Nurses to recognise the differences between the two, and intervene at the earliest possible opportunity, for every case of self-harm. Whilst Suicide is a rare event (NICE, 2004), it is still the third most common cause of death in the adolescent age group. As such any discovery of self-harming should be fully assessed for needs, emotional, psychological and social factors that are specific to the individual case (NICE, 2004) so as to better assess the problem at hand. Interventions There is some debate as to the best method to stop repeated self-harm, and unfortunately there is a lack of good evidence to support one method over another (NICE, 2004). Randomise Control Trials (RCT) are often the premier choice of researching and comparing differing interventions (Harner and Collinson, 2005). There had been positive results found within the realm of group therapy. Wood (2001) found promising results from a study into developmental group psychotherapy, recording a clinically significant difference to favour group therapy above other forms of aftercare and upon this evidence a first line of treatment should be prescribed as group therapy. Unfortunately in contrast to this a recent repetition of the study failed to yield any positive results to suggest that group therapy was a superior treatment (Hazell et al, 2009). As we can see there is a great difficulty in assessing the value of any research into treatment, and the importance of repeating the tests for grounded evidence. Young people say that they wish to be helped in a way that feels comfortable for them. This is understandable, as they are often discussing a private matter. Private support groups, one on one sessions and drop in services are viewed as particularly helpful (Griesbach, 2008). One of the most important factors is overcoming the negative attitude associated with the disorder; something that is even possessed by the nurses who treat it (Cleaver, 2007). As such it is important to treat the patient with respect and to listen to their problems, even if their roots do not stem from self-harm, but from daily, or emotional issues. Many who have self harmed state that had this service been available to them in the first place, they would not have started their disorder (Mental Health Foundation, 2006, a) Preventative measures must be taken to address self-harm in all of its forms. A school nurse is positioned at the forefront of these preventative measures, and often can find themselves in the best possible position to assist the youth. However; self harm is a very large, and very complex problem for a school nurse to address, with evidence suggesting nurses to feel overwhelmed and under supported when tackling the issue (Cook and James, 2009). With this in mind, the further education of school nurses to equip them to deal with these issues cannot be disregarded (NICE, 2004). When preventative measures fail it is good practise to advise people who repeatedly self injure with management techniques such as, how best to deal with scarring, alternative coping strategies, and harm minimalisation techniques (NICE, 2004). This concept is well established in health promotion and has been applied in recent years successfully to both sexual health education and in a reduction of teenage pregnancies (Lesley, 2008). Adolescence is a time for striving for independence, experimenting and taking risks (Lesley, 2008) and this approach of minimising self harm can often be the best approach to tackling those who have already self harmed. Evidence to suggest an effective treatment is not abundant (NICE, 2004) but to focus on minimising the damage is a pessimistic approach. Certain voluntary organizations advocate the thought If you feel the need to self harm, focus on staying within the safe limits (Mind, 2010). Young people want a range of options for self help best suited to them, even if it is something as simple as something to distract themselves from self harm for just a short period of time (Mental Health Foundation, 2006, a). Successful distraction techniques have been known to include using ice instead of cutting, or even marking with a red pen; other means involve simply venting pent up frustration such as by punching a punch bag (Mental Health Foundation, 2006, a) not all reliefs have to be physical, however, and often creative pursuits such as writing, drawing and painting can have a very positive effect (Griesbech, 2008). Often, it is much more constructive to engage in creative rather than destructive be haviour and is even more likely to change behavioural response to self harm (Norman and Ryrie, 2004). If unavoidable, it is advocated that those who cut use clean, sharp instruments and avoid areas that include veins and arteries (Pengelly, 2008). When advocating this a nurse must consider both the legal and ethical arguments of endorsing any form of self harm (Pengally, 2008). Many do not feel comfortable discussing these minimalisation techniques over the concern that this could be construed as encouragement and leave the nurse vulnerable to backlash (Pengally, 2008). That said, often self harm may be the only control that a young person feels that they have over their lives (Derouin and Bravender, 2004) it is essential for a nurse, when supporting adolescents, to make effective clinical decisions. Ethical dilemmas and diverse situations often arise in this field of medicine and must be balanced with the needs of the patient and community (Bennet, 2008). Ultimately, when undertaking these decisions, practitioners must consult with the rest of the clinical team and maintain in depth records. Similarly, the decision whether or not to inform the parents raises another ethical question. Inititally, it can damage trust between the nurse and patient in future consultations, however, should a youth be considered mature enough they should be treated as adults and thus given the same level of confidentiality (Hendrick, 2010). Limitations. The majority of sources of information within this review is qualitative research which is related to the desire to obtain the opinions of individuals alongside their experiences (Watson et al, 2008). The benefits of qualitative methods are that often a greater wealth of information is obtained, in terms of social and personal experiences and insights than would otherwise be available (Hall, 2006). Unfortunately, there are many criticisms that beset qualitative studies. For instance, many disregard the findings as they are not ecologically valid due to the small sample size (Parahoo, 2006) as such, findings of many studies often only reflect the characteristics of that particular sample as opposed to the diverse population that engage in the act of self harm. Furthermore, it is difficult to justify evidencing qualitative research as often its results are interpretative (Aveyard, 2010) of course, findings can also be affected by the differing assessment methods used to collate the inf ormation, such as whether the assessment was done autonomously or if it relied on parental consent. Recommendations. Harm minimalisation techniques need to be widely available to adolescents who self harm with recognization of the ethical dilemmas, in order to support school nurses within this field of practise. Future literature on the subject also needs to choose its terminology carefully and focus upon one form of self harm rather than generalising. This is the only manner in which a specific treatment can be formulated to address each individual form of self harm allowing nursing to develop appropriate preventative interventions. School nurses should also refer all youths who harm to CAMHS. The presumption that young people that cut are not suicidal or that they do not have mental illness is too high a risk to consider and even though the majority hold neither of these disorders, they can not be overlooked due to the minority that do possess them. Conclusion. The true extent of self harm or self cutting is very difficult to determine due to the inconsistencies and definition and underreporting that often it goes unnoticed. What can be agreed upon, is that self cutting is an increasing and serious problem among adolescents. School nurses hold a vital role in the management of this disorder and are often at the forefront of any prevention, treatment and education. An understanding of why adolescents self harm and all linked factors are vital for undertaking treatment of a patient. However, this challenge is complex and requires a large amount of training and support; it is very important to avoid any stigma attached to self harming when treating youth, they are often not attention seeking and frequently posess a lot of problems in their lives. Self harm masks underlying emotional, psychological and social trauma and can simply be a youths only outlet to relieve stress and emotional tension. It is undeniable that self harm is a rapidly expan ding area of research, however upon reviewing this literature many questions are still left unanswered. There is still the underlying moral and ethical difficulties that a school nurse must consider when supporting those who self harm

Governor of California

Based on the case, as governor of California, what types of power is Schwarzenegger likely to have? What types of influence tactics does Schwarzenegger appear to use? By Tuyen-Vu Comprehensive cases Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon. Case 1: Arnold Schwarzenegger: Leader of California? 1 .What words would you use to describe Arnold Schwarzenegger's personality? Do any of these fit into the Big Five taxonomy of personality? How might these personality traits influence Arnold Schwarzenegger's leadership skills? How might these traits have help Schwarzenegger get to where he is now? Schwarzenegger's characteristics will describe as: Internal: He bears his father bad treatments. â€Å"My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was Just the way it was. Many of the children I've seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn't want to create an individual.It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, ‘you can't do this,' I said, ‘this is not going to be for much longer, because I'm going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody. ‘†[ He is affected by his family. They make he with strong expressive by his parents were very strict to take out his mind to be more and more rich. That is the first step to him contributed his dream at that moment. External: He is considered cheerful, good-humored and exuberant at school.He based on outside environment, his ability and favorite (interested in sport, especially in bodybuilder), to set a short goal – to be the Mr Universe in Europe. That already prepares for the long time goal – â€Å"The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America – the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich. † (Source: http:// en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger) Forward to his goal and try his best to get the best practice that leads to the good result, achieve the prize (second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorkton).Schwarzenegger know how to integrate all things as goal setting, leadership, power and influence, and personality to catch the success. He sets the clear and specific objectives with step by step: Win the Bodybuilder prize 0 come in US to be an famous actor0 be an governor in US government machine. Schwarzenegger likely to have? What types of influence tactics does Schwarzenegger appear to use? 3. How would you describe Schwarzenegger's leadership style using th e leadership theories covered in this textbook? What details of the case lead you to these conclusions? Is Schwarzenegger's leadership style likely to be effective?Why or why not? 4. Applying concepts from goal-setting theory, explain how goal have influenced Schwarzenegger's progression to the governor's seat. What aspects of the case suggest that Schwarzenegger is committed to the goals that he has set for himself? 5. Are there any â€Å"dark sides† to Schwarzenegger's charisma and leadership skills? What might these be, and how might they affect his relationships with others and his ability to govern? 6. How might Schwarzenegger's personality and leadership style help or hinder his ability to effectively negotiate with other parties such as the teachers' union?

Essay Topics about Social Issues Fundamentals Explained

Essay Topics about Social Issues Fundamentals Explained Hearsay, Lies and Essay Topics about Social Issues When you look around, you are going to observe social difficulties that affect society daily. The problem is a social problem as it is widespread and affects quite a few of our communities and the individuals within them who don't fit the norm. The matter of pornography is also some social problems that may affect how folks interact with one another. Issues like homosexuality create a difference in how people react in society. Being among the worst forms of categorization in the contemporary Earth, racism has altered the social lives of individuals. Utilize whatever you know to reveal your comprehension of the Earth, and bring out good old philosophical theories. You're building a photo of a social issue, and you want to bring up every potential side of the story. When selecting your social problems topic, bear in mind that it's always much better to write about somet hing you're already more or less acquainted with. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. If you wish to compose a controversial essay, you definitely should look for the greatest social issues topics or satire topics. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. For this reason, you may select from an assortment of topics when mandated with writing an essay on social troubles. As a result, while writing an essay on social issues, you want to select a topic that's most appealing to you. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. Odds are, all you have to do is relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, obviously, one that's debatable. Taking essay outline help isn't that much critical as finding a fantastic essay for the topic that's primary. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tricky to discover. Let's say you feel that Mexican-American relations need to be improved. Social issues transform almost every facet of society. Since you can see, several of the topics listed are new and handle the recent issues happening in the World today. New Questions About Essay Topics about Social Issues You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. If you wish to receive a degree from a reliable American college or university, then you will need to ensure which you're submitting flawless and superior essays. These topics will be helpful for men and women who wish to compose essays about the subject mentioned above in the shape of a normal job. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Social issues transcend almost every facet of the society, and thus, given the job of writing an essay on social issues, one is indirectly given the opportunity to pick from the plethora of topics within the area. Social problems aren't universal to each society and have a tendency to change rapidly. The Foolproof Essay Topics about Social Issues Strategy Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are ordinarily at no charge. Several of the modern day problems that have hit conventional media in addition to social media headlines incorporate a list of social justice problems that you are able to find at our essay writing services. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, a massive quantity of curiosity and capacity to think beyond the box and search data in unconventional sources. Suicide and societal media. Bullying can cause suicidal ideas and chan ges in an individual's behavior. Social problems arise due to several factors. Change them in accordance with your requirements. The use of over 250 controversial troubles.

The Drug Prohibition Of The United States Of America

The cohorts of drug prohibition argue that the benefits of the prohibition are self-evident and undeniable. The basis of this assumption argument is that without prohibition the consumption of drug would skyrocket, and therefore, lead to disastrous outcomes. However, there is no evidence on the commonly held belief. The empirical evidence that exists does not support the notion of souring drug consumption. For instance, in the Netherland and Switzerland, where marijuana is legalized, the consumption rate is lower than in the United States of America, where consumption of Marijuana is prohibited in most of the states. This study argues for the legalization of the consumption of drugs and decriminalization of possession and use of drugs in the United States of America. Drugs were legal for many years before the 1914 Harrison Act. The period of massive availability of drugs and the consumption of the same was in the 19th century (Defeis 101). For the better part of the century morphine, cocaine, and opium were legally available at drugstores as well as grocery stores without prescription (O donnell et al. 66). What is significant is that the period was not characterized by drug-paralyzed workers or drug-crazed criminals, rather it was a period marked by unprecedented economic development and productivity (Defeis 102). Whereas there were many powerful organizations that called for the prohibition or suppression of alcoholic stimulants, there were no anti-opiate organizationsShow MoreRelatedHistory, Social Factors and Economic Impac of the Prohibition of Alcohol in the United States1490 Words   |  6 Pagesand economic impact of the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. Ken Burns and Lynn Novick (2011) delve into the topic of alcohol in America in their documentary Prohibition, and this paper will discuss the events before, during, and after the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. This paper will also relate the prohibition of alcohol to the current drug policies of cocaine in the United States. Alcohol and cocaine were both prohibited in the United States in the early 1900’s. CocaineRead More Marijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America?1375 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America? Marijuana, the most abused drug in America, has had a lot of publicity recently. Marijuana has caused multiple economic problems within the U.S. A controversial question has arisen from the increased popularity and troubles of this drug. The question is whether or not the U.S. government should legalize marijuana possession and sale in the country. Many Americans believe that the drug should be legalized for various reasons; others, howeverRead MoreEssay about Pro Legalization of Marijuana906 Words   |  4 Pagesto have smoked cannabis at some point in their lives. Prohibition of cannabis is therefore apparently ineffective at changing the habits of a population, just as prohibition of alcohol was ineffective in 1919-1933. Making otherwise law-abiding citizens fugitives does nothing more than fill the prisons and alienate the populace from their government. In fact the total cost to taxpayers of solely marijuana-related incarceration (in local, state, and federal prisons and jails ) of 15,400 people exceedsRead MoreMarijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America?1306 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most abused drug in America, has had a lot of publicity recently. Marijuana has caused multiple economic problems within the U.S. A controversial question has arisen from the increased popularity and troubles of this drug. The question is whether or not the U.S. government should legalize marijuana possession and sale in the country. Many Americans believe that the drug should be legalized for various reasons; others, however, are against the legalization of the dangerous drug. While legalizationRead MoreThe Illegal Drug Business1361 Words   |  5 PagesThe Drug Business Paper Introduction The smuggling of drugs has been a part of the society for over a century in most parts of the world. This form of business has flourished mostly in the developed countries such as the United States of America, where the demand for drugs is high while there is no or very small production in the country. The production in the countries where drugs such as cocaine, heroin, cannabis, etc are supplied is banned mostly under the respective local laws, and thereforeRead MoreA Pundit’s Solution to Fixing Drug Violence in Mexico Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesoversimplifications to explain the drug wars that are taking place across the boarder of Mexico and the United States. Friedman states that Mexico is falling apart because the drug war has turned the country into the â€Å"Wild West†, an area where the outlaw drug cartels run the streets instilling fear within the Mexican people. He also claims this is a result of â€Å"the success of the U.S. and Colombia[s] efforts to i nterdict drug trafficking through the Caribbean†, and that privatizing state-owned companies, namelyRead MoreHow Congress Has Influenced Our Current Ineffective Drug Policy1521 Words   |  7 Pagesnation s general drug history and look critically at how Congress has influenced our current ineffective drug policy. Through this analysis I hope to show that drug prohibition policies in the United States, for the most part, have failed. Additionally, I will highlight and evaluate the influences acting on individual legislators decisions to continue support for these ineffective policies as a more general demonstration of Congress role in the formation of our nation s drug policy strategy.Read MoreDrugs During The Civil War1421 Words   |  6 PagesDrugs first surfaced in the United States in the 1800s. After the Civil War opium become very popular and was used medicinally. Following opium was cocaine which was also used as a health remedy but near the end of the 19th century opium and cocaine abuse peaked and local governments began to prohibit opium dens and importation. In 1914 the first federal drug policy, the Harrison Narcotics act, is passed and drugs are no longer seen as harmless remedies. The act aggressively regulated the manufacturingRead MoreIs Decriminalizing Drugs A Right Move?1216 Words   |  5 PagesIs Decriminalizing Drugs A Right Move? There always seems to be debate on whether the decriminalization of drugs would be of great public interest. It is a very important and controversial issue that has many people wondering if legalizing drugs would be a right move or not. In the article, â€Å"Decriminalization Would Increase The Use and The Economic and Social Costs of Drugs† by David Mineta, Mineta argues about why drugs should not be decriminalized and how keeping illicit drugs illegal outweigh theRead MoreLaw Enforcement : The United States Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom harming other people (Christ). This was the model that we based our western law enforcement agencies on, until prohibition became a federal task in the 1920’s. This is when the federal government decided to take up the task of protecting people from themselves. Fast forward to the 1960’s; President Richard Nixon took a step forward with prohibition by declaring a war on drugs. This perpetual war has consumed much of ou r country’s financial resources and profoundly affected our criminal justice

The Process of Aging in Up a Movie by Carl Fredricksen

Life is a chronological process filled with transitions and relationships. The purpose of this paper is to delineate an understanding of an older man’s journey through later life from a gerontology perspective and define real-life learning of an older adult as it was presented in the film â€Å"Up†. By reviewing the life events of the main character Carl Fredricksen a retired balloon salesman and how he fulfills a lifelong dream of a great adventure to South America. The animated film is a comedy adventure about a 78-year-old balloon salesman named Carl Fredricksen who reflects on his childhood dream to pursue his hero an explorer named Charles F. Muntz on a great adventure to South America. As children we experience carefree events that we memorialize throughout our life. Do we dictate our life pursuing these emotions in order to attain happiness, probably not? People live their lives with many transitions, good or bad they provide us with experiences and knowledge. The life experiences we endure provide insight and wisdom to share with others. In life we are continuously looking for fulfilling experiences such as happiness, success, love or contentment. The thing people tend to forget is that these experiences that bring happiness is a basic mood or emotion not a purpose or an endpoint. Reflection provides self-awareness by improving oneself can present a sense of purpose that provides direction to how we live our life. There are moments of re flection that focus on theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Up 1367 Words   |  6 Pagesof the movie â€Å"Up† viewers are quickly exposed to a transformation of Carl Fredricksen from childhood to old age. For the duration of the movie, Carl remains a 78-year-old man, who at first appears grumpy, sad, and guilty at times, and surely missing his late wife. Carl is often shown in a scene talking to his deceased wife as if she were really there, reminiscing of memories spent together, and admiring old photographs of the two of them. Being a widow took a definite toll on Mr. Fredricksen, and he

Motivation and Control The Police Supervisor’s Dilemma Free Essays

Is there a relationship between the amounts of control desired in a police organization and the ability of police officials to create a motivating environment among rank-and-file officers? If so, how is balance arrived at between these two apparently opposite concerns in police organizations? I believe that the relationship between the control which is desired and the ability to create a motivating environment. It is not a clear cut relationship and it can cause problems within the organization and for the employees. The problem with this relationship is that while the people in charge of the organization want a specified amount of control, they cannot accomplish this without some repercussions. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Control: The Police Supervisor’s Dilemma or any similar topic only for you Order Now The difficulty lies within how to gain this control without completely alienating every employee who works within the organization. The important part of the relationship is to compromise and understand that the officers have needs which must be addressed. An example of how important that these two needs are met shows in Maslow’s Needs Theory. (Stojkovic, Kalinich, and Klofas, 2003). Maslow asserts that the officers have the â€Å"need to feel safe in their environment and free from and threat of attack by aggressors. † (Stojkovic, Kalinich, and Klofas, 2003). The relevance of this to the relationship in question is with Captain Frebe’s new strategy to micromanage the officers. This also forces the hands of the sergeants’ to take the lead as the overseer’s of the micromanagement. The officers and sergeants believe that they are being attacked by an aggressive force, and therefore, their lower needs are not being met. This causes the higher needs to decrease. A balance will not be found with the current strategy that Frebe is using. It makes the officers believe that they cannot be trusted to do their jobs. While there were a number of officers who were not doing their jobs, the changes impacted those who were doing their jobs. The system is too complex. Instead of fixing the situation, it only made it worse. The employees believed that they were unable to do their jobs because they were being micromanaged. The sergeants were angry because the fact that they were being pulled away from their duties to watch the officers and write reports about the officers performance. This was a noble idea, but it was demanding an excessive solution for the situation. If Frebe had requested that the reports were written on a less frequent basis it may have been easier to deal with. For instance a compromise could have been reached if Frebe had solicited feedback before the situation became out of hand. It would have been helpful if Frebe asked the Sergeants and the officers for their input to solve this problem. How could have Captain Frebe instituted the mechanisms for officer accountability without alienating officers? What role do officers have in creating a motivating environment within police organizations? Captain Frebe‘s first mistake was to not ask for advice or for input before implementing such strict changes. The mandatory odometer readings and the quotas for tickets seemed to be an excessive change to implement. There were some officers who were not doing their jobs, but most of the officers were doing a good job. There were other methods that should have been researched before this was implemented. One method could have been the use of the reflection of their â€Å"work performance in their pay raises. With this technique the â€Å"low ratings will hit him in the wallet† (Stojkovic, Kalinich, and Klofas, 2003). Many people are motivated by money, and for those who choose not to do their job up to standard would be paid accordingly. The other option would be to use positive feedback for a job well done. The use of positive feedback can bring and officer a† personal sen se of accomplishment (Stojkovic, Kalinich, and Klofas, 2003). Officers are either going to be motivated or not motivated. â€Å"There is no such thing as motivation† (Stojkovic, Kalinich, and Klofas, 2003). A saying that comes to mind is â€Å"I can not motivate my guys, the only thing I can do is provide them the opportunities and the environment to become motivated. † While it is not only up to the officers to be motivated, they must have others around them who encourage them in their endeavors, and appreciate the hard work that they do. The main concern is that the needs are being met of the officers, and of the organization. There is a dire need of safety and security within the environment of the policing organization. With the dangerousness of the job, officers should at least have the guarantee that while they are in the station and out doing their job that they can do it in the safest manner possible. With the added stress of monitoring so many aspects such as odometer readings and quotas, it could cause any good officer to become seriously stressed out. The officers may also take part in groups such as â€Å"Quality Circle groups† (Stojkovic, Kalinich, and Klofas, 2003). These are groups which enrich the officers and their work experience. It is an organization that promotes the â€Å"well being of the workers. These are beneficial groups who meet on a regular basis with non management members to â€Å"identify, analyze, and recommend solutions to problems within the agency. † These types of groups can make the employees feel that they have a safe haven within their reach to address concerns. Is it true that you really cannot motivate persons in organizations? If this statement i s true, then is there any role for administrators and managers in the motivation of their employees? Are there unique concerns that face police supervisors that make motivation of employees difficult? If so, what are they, and how would you address them? According to the text, there is â€Å"no such thing as a motivation. † (Stojkovic, Kalinich, and Klofas, 2003). I do believe that people who are motivated are that way because they want to do their best, this is regardless of the circumstances. It would take a great deal to cause a self motivated person to become a quitter, there is room for managers and administrators within the organizations. However the managers and administrators are not there to motivate, they are there to make money, sell a product, or maintain the organization. It does not mean that they aren’t concerned with the employees but the bottom line of getting the job done seems to be the priority. There are definitely concerns within the responsibilities of a police supervisor. They are ever-changing, with time, and with the type of employees. By this I mean that the supervisors may work better with some employees than others. However, in this type of position there cannot be favoritism, you must work and deal with everyone, regardless of whether or not you cannot stand them. The trick is how you approach the situation, hence, the employee. If you remain objective and fair, by removing yourself from a personal relationship with the subordinates it will be easier to see them on an equal level. I think that the biggest issue overall is getting your employees to do what you want without firing everyone and starting over! This is a huge obstacle. I have heard many times of organizations doing what is sometimes referred to as â€Å"cleaning house. † I believe that this should be a last resort tactic. I personally like to believe that most people want to do what is right, and given the right opportunity and environment they can learn how. I personally hate micromanagers, and I would most likely never use this tactic. I figure that if I have to micromanage an employee that they are causing problems, they do not know their job, or do not care about their job. The first option would be to offer the employee more training, not more of my micromanaging services. There is always the possibility that the employee is unsure about a procedure and needs extra help. I would try several techniques before I gave up. There are many ways that a situation like this could be addressed. I would pull the employee into a meeting so that he or she could discuss the issues, and possible solutions. I would do everything on my end to make sure that I addressed all the issues. I do not believe that people should be given up on. I know that there are many other situations a person in this position could be faced with. However, my solution would be to analyze the situation, ask questions, offer help or fins assistance, and take it from there. I believe that people should be treated as people, not just another number. How to cite Motivation and Control: The Police Supervisor’s Dilemma, Papers

International Management On Hospitality of Mandarin Oriental assignmen

Question: Describe about the Critical assessment on satisfaction of customer in hotel Mandarin Oriental in Singapore? Answer: Introduction It is to be noted that the term hospitality management is both intellectually and ironically problematic. It is ironic for the fact that it the term has emerged globally, but it does not apparently confer to its meaning. It means the process of managing and providing the provision for the accommodation, food as well as other related services in both non commercial and commercial contexts as well as voluntary services (Brotherton and Wood, 2015). The term is now more used as a descriptive label for the hotel management, restaurant management etc. it can be said that the hospitality management is a energetic business and are changing as the way to include more external issues. The business has greatly been successful as well as aggressive than it was before. According to the global Council of Travel Tourism, tourism and travel accounted for nearly about $3,575 billion (10.8% of global GDP) and provided more than 200 million jobs worldwide during 1999. There was a great impact of the I ndustry due to the economic crisis in Asia around 1997, where reducing arrival of the visitor resulted in vicious price competition. Due to the globalization the competitiveness for the industry has strengthened. It has also increased the competition of the companies that are in this hospitality industry. The companies have to become large and have to incorporate innovations so as to stay aggressive in the business (Bradi, Kosar and Kalenjuk, 2015). There are many companies that are who cut on their expenditure to save money while providing customer satisfaction. It is important to note that the effect hospitality management has on the people and the society at large. Hospitality management has a number of problems that a part of the business (Enz, 2015). They are the human resources management, the problem relating to the satisfaction of the customers and whether the people are committed to the company or whether they will remain loyal to the company is a big question. Todays hospitality business are governed totally by the technology be it in the form of new machines that aid in the process of the service being delivered or the computerized mode of services. There are various challenges that are faced by the hospitality industry today. Gathering the data for the preferences of the customers so as to serve them in a better way is essential for the business (Foss and Stone, 2015). How the industry can integrate and implement new customers? This is a very common challenge faced by the companies in this sector. The use of the social media is a big way that the companies can to draw more and more customers. How the demanding needs of the customers are met? How the companies are able to generate more revenue and lower the cost? These are some of the few challenges that the companies face in the hospitality sector. With more and more companies emerging it is making the market place more competitive (Grigoroudis and Siskos, 2015). The companies need to co nstantly innovate and improve their performances so as to draw more customers as well as retain the customers. An overview of the Hotel: Mandarin Oriental Hotel was first built in the year 1963 in Hong Kong. The hotel was previously called the Mandarin. By the year the company employed 6000 employees and operated 12 hotels worldwide. The Mandarin Oriental Hotel is a brand that always looks up to the traditional values, elegance and runs on the concept of delighting the guests (2012 Sustainability Report, 2015). It needs to be seen that with the rising in the competition, the hotel needs to customize and differentiate it from the others so as to meet the customer satisfaction. The oriental charm of the hotel, along with the use of the improved technology, the good food and beverages and the Mandarin Oriental Spa, have always tried to meet the needs and the demands of the customers. There are two big ball rooms in the hotel, special boardrooms for significant meetings, 14 suites and a quantity of changeable sized purpose rooms. Furthermore, the hotel is also facilitated with Business Center accessible to its visitors. The customer feedback and the guests are vital for the success of the organization. Mandarin Oriental Hotel uses a third party company to survey the customers or the guests to find whether they are satisfied with their stay in the hotel or not through a structured questionnaire which they provide the customers after their stay via online. It is seen that the Mandarin Oriental Hotels overall satisfaction rating was 87 % in 2013 and it was consistent to the 2012s result. The hotel has an annual footfall of 35000 guests and each of the guests is evaluated to find whether they like the services provided by the Mandarin Oriental Hotel (2013 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT, 2015). Delighting the guests Mandarin Oriental has the vision that it will provide guests more than their expectations on a regular basis. The hotel is aimed at providing personalized services to the guests on a regular basis. There is an innovative method that the people of the hotel have adopted, that is they allow the staffs and the colleagues to know their guests and by doing so, the staffs can delight the customers as well as surprise them. It is good to know that the Mandarin Oriental Hotel maintains some quality measurement process so as to monitor as well improve the performances of the people in the hotel in terms of the delivery of the services. Some of the measurement standards that the company uses are Leading Quality Assurance, the Forbes Travel Guide, American Automobile Association (AAA), and the Michelin Guide. Last year Mandarin Oriental has achieved the Five Star status given by Forbes, and the restaurants were given 13 Michelin stars, which was more than any other group of hotel in the world. Customer satisfaction and its importance in the productivity of the business It is to be noted in the context of the hospitality industry and in case of Mandarin Oriental, customer satisfaction is very necessary. The increased customer satisfaction leads to a greater loyalty of the customers. It is also an important aspect that through the increased customer satisfaction, there is more chance that the companies will earn more revenues since the loyalties of the customers will remain with the hotel (Ashton and Sung, 2015). The more the customers are satisfied the more there is chance that the products and the services of the company will be more sold in the market. There is a chance that the satisfied customers will generate more customers for the company by means of reference. Once a customer is satisfied with the services of the hotel, he or she will refer the name of the hotel to others who will seek advice from him or may he may convey this by himself (Cribbin and Kennedy, 2015). There arises a question that whether it is possible that the companies may pr ovide lesser customer satisfaction and yet have a higher level of productivity? Though it can be said that the companies may generate more productivity but their customer base will gradually decrease if they do not find anything innovative or tempting in the services that the hotel provides (Holjevac, Markovi and Raspor, 2015). Service quality and loyalty of the customers The quality of the products and the services are the most important aspect in the delivery of customer satisfaction. Services of the company are becoming an important aspect not only nationally but also globally (Inc.com, 2015). The companies have to innovate the way they are providing the services, moreover they need to remain ahead of the competitors in the market. Then only the companies will survive in the fierce competition. Caruana (2002) argues that the behavior of the people is an important aspect to measure the loyalty of the customers. Behavior of the people towards a service is important for the company to identify whether the people is loyal to the companys products and services (Hospitality, Travel, and Tourism: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ..., 2015). It is the first experience of the customers that is the most important in building a relationship with them. The more the people or the staff of the hotel associate with the customers or the guests, the more they wi ll be successful in providing better services to the people, and hence derive more customer satisfaction (MANDARIN ORIENTAL HOTEL GROUP, 2015). Not only the products and the services, but the attitudes, behaviours and the way of con duct of the employees of the hotel has also a influence on the guests and they feel secure, homely and an atmosphere they can associate with. Services of the Hotel Mandarin Oriental Mandarin Oriental Hotel has six eating and dining choices as well as a lounge and bar. Of all these, Dolce Vita, Cherry Garden, and MELT ~ The World Caf have both been acknowledged for cooking brilliance. This hotel Mandarin Oriental, Singapore has an outsized ballroom along with fourteen assembly rooms (Mandarin Oriental Annual Report, 2013). The Oriental Club The Oriental Club Lounge, situated on the crest floor of the hotel lodge, is a meant for personal use for visitors who resides in 21st and 19th floor. The entry to the lounge consists of panoramic vision of the marina, complimentary blend, and conference place. The club oriental is the biggest lounge in hotel throughout Singapore (Hotel mandarin, 2010). The Spa The Spa at the hotel consists of six management rooms, along with pair of two groups, a segment for split manicure and pedicure section, a tea loaf for free time and one-to-one conversation region and a rubdown area (Mandarinoriental.com, 2015). Bars Restaurants Dolce Vita: This is an Italian restaurant which is headed by Michelin celebrity Executive cook Marco Pedrelli. Morton's, The Steakhouse: a conventional steakhouse bought from abroad i.e. the United States Cherry Garden: This is a restaurant which serves Cantonese cuisine MELT ~ The World Caf: This is a restaurant contributing a dramatic dining understanding by method of "show kitchens" Axis Bar and Lounge: This is a cocktail lounge neglecting Marina Bay Wasabi Bistro: This is a restaurant presenting a menu which is encouraged by Japanese and Californian cooking style. Some of the guiding principles on which Mandarin Oriental works Delighting the guests- the hotel strives to deliver to the people world class services. they try to listen to the needs of the guests as well as their requirements, an d they try to respond to the needs of the customers in timely and accurate manner (Mohg.snaphire.com, 2015). They make sure that the services that they provide to their guests are according to their needs. Moreover they are committed to deliver more than the expectations of the people. Cooperation with the colleagues- the management of the Mandarin Oriental believes that the employees will be able to deliver efficiently if they are work together as a team. The employees need to have mutual respect in order to serve the guests. This will in turn lead to the overall productivity of the group rather than the growth of an individual (Mandarin Oriental Annual Report, 2013). Performance appraisal- Mandarin Oriental always tries to maintain the fairness, integrity and honesty in the business. The employees try to maintain internal as well as external relations with the guests so that they are able to live up to their expectations. Moreover the employees are rewarded if their performances are up to the expectations. They try to bring out the best from their employees so that they are able to deliver their best. The various activities that the hotel initiated to deliver customer satisfaction The Hotel of Singapore makes a thorough attempt keep contact with their clients through their reviews and feedback, quick replies to each admiring comment or criticism they achieve and client focus gatherings. The hotel then merges this contribution with other statistical input to generate a bulletin Service Performance Index that is very familiarly seen all the way through the hotel (Hotel-online.com, 2015). Mandarin Oriental encourages every hotel of their group to influence the local and the sustainable suppliers for the products and the services so that that they are able to engage the local people in their activities thus in a way they are trying to look at the satisfaction of the customers. It is so because the local people are aware of the needs and the cultural influences that the people have. Thus they are able to serve the people much better. The company employed 12,095 employees in the various hotels throughout the world. They try to employ people from diverse culture from across the world and promotes that there are equal opportunities for the people in the workplace. There are people in Mandarin Oriental who are independent of race, nationality, ethnicity and gender. This is done so as the employees feel that they are equal in the company and thus they treat their customers with equality and respect. Moreover if the employees are satisfied, they will look at the fact that that the guests are also satisfied (Linking Employee Satisfaction with Productivity, Performance, and Customer Satisfaction, 2015). The main aim of Mandarin Oriental is to look at the customer satisfaction as they keep the interest of the customers at their heart no matter what they do. Thus the employee motivation and the benefits will eventually lead to the satisfaction of the customers (McKay, 2015). There are 41% women employees among the total workforce. It is to ensure that the women feel free to interact with the hotel staff without any fear. Moreover the employees are provided state of art training so that they are able to serve the guests better. Recommendation The company should maintain and build relationships with the guests in order to provide an experience for the people which are problem free. The hotel wishes to provide the guests a personal recognition by providing a problem free experience. The company should build these personal relationships so as to tie the business together along with providing customer satisfaction (Intelligent Resort Management, 2015). The study indicated that the workers are significant to all features of processes. This commonality of critical success factors is somewhat unusual, as it could have been expected that different hotels had different success factors that were unique to their own operation. The manpower and planning of the talent plays an important role and it needs to be executed; so as to create success for the company. The people should be well trained and motivated in order to generate customer satisfaction and grab more people with their services (Seals, 2015). The hotel is planning to make a Guest History network so that the company is able to look at the history of the customers of any one of the hotel of the group. It is done so as to seek the experience of the customers even if it is the first time experience of the customers in a new hotel. This is an innovative experience foe the people as they can expect their favorite drink which they had tasted in Oriental Bangkok being served to them in Oriental Singapore. This are some of the ways that the company needs to maintain so that the customers feel satisfied and have a pleasant stay in the hotel. Moreover the hotel Mandarin uses telephonic follow up of the guests who have stayed in the company. Mandarin Oriental should make the people feel special and lat them know that their opinions are valuable for the success of the company. Moreover these opinions are assets for the company in improving their services towards the people. Mandarin Oriental believes that whatever changes that the company makes will ultimately lead to the customer satisfaction in the future. In conclusion as it is the employees that provide the superiority of the goods and services in hotels, the staffs have been acknowledged as a significant accomplishment issue across all the hotels in the main study (Szulanski, 2015). All the way through this survey the hotel also seek the consumers views on some anticipated products or services which the hotel is considering to introduce. Conclusion One thing needs to be kept in mind that unable to meet the customer satisfaction does not necessarily mean that it is customer dissatisfaction. It is essential to believe that the services to the people are the only source by which the hospitality sector will be able to generate profit and at the same time customer satisfaction. It is obvious from the study that the hotel workers are making incomplete links among significant achievement factors and performance extent even although the hotel operators do calculate some significant achievement factors such as client satisfaction and worker performance and standard other factors such as standard of service, property, and goods with their contestants. This imperfect deliberation of significant success issues is apparent to the impact on trade achievement. This may be due to the difficulty of the extent of a number of these factors; on the other hand, it is also probable to be another expression of the unsophisticated approach to routine measurement that has been recognized by this study (Mandarinoriental.com, 2015). It must be noted that the training provides the staff of the hotel self confidence to perform much better. The communication process needs to be well managed so that the staffs are able to communicate with the guests and also act according to the situation without seeking the guidance or the approval of the actions that they do (Mandarin Oriental International Limited Annual Report 2012, 2015). The staffs are trained to so that they are able to solve the problems of the customers and are able to serve them better. With the improvement in the technology and modern techniques they are able to provide the people with better services to ensure that the customers or the guests get a life time experience during their stay in the hotel. one more thing that the staffs need to ensure is that the people or the guests are followed up so that they are able to record their experience and keep them loyal to the company. References 2012 Sustainability Report. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] mandarin oriental hotel group. Available at: https://files.mandarinoriental.com/sustainability/2012-1/files/inc/458adc1220.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. 2013 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group. Available at: https://files.mandarinoriental.com/sustainability/2013/files/inc/fb08f4529f.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Ashton, D. and Sung, J. (2015).Supporting Workplace Learning for High Performance Working. pp.40-42. Bradi, M., Kosar, L. and Kalenjuk, B. (2015).Business Guests Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry: A Case Study of North American Hotel Chains. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://dgt.pmf.uns.ac.rs/turizam/arhiva/vol_1702_2.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Brotherton, B. and Wood, R. (2015).Key Themes in Hospitality Management. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.uk.sagepub.com/upm-data/19056_5047_Brotherton_Ch01.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Cribbin, J. and Kennedy, P. (2015).Lifelong Learning in Action: A Life's Work. Enz, C. (2015).Hospitality Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. Foss, B. and Stone, M. (2015).Successful Customer Relationship Marketing: New Thinking, New Strategies .... Grigoroudis, E. and Siskos, Y. (2015). Customer Satisfaction Evaluation: Methods for Measuring and Implementing ... By. Holjevac, I., Markovi, S. and Raspor, S. (2015).Customer satisfaction measurement in hotel industry: content analysis study. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/397335.PAP039.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Hospitality, Travel, and Tourism: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ... (2015). Management Association, Information Resources. Hotel-online.com, (2015).Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group Continues Rollout of IDeaS Revenue Management Solution / Aug 2001. [online] Available at: https://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2001_3rd/Aug01_IDeaSMandarin.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Inc.com, (2015).7 Ways to Improve Employee Satisfaction. [online] Available at: https://www.inc.com/guides/201105/7-ways-to-improve-employee-satisfaction.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Intelligent Resort Management. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/en-US/newsevents/resources/Publications/honeywell-hbs-integrated-resorts-brochure.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Linking Employee Satisfaction with Productivity, Performance, and Customer Satisfaction. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.keepem.com/doc_files/clc_articl_on_productivity.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Mandarin Oriental Annual Report. (2013). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://photos.mandarinoriental.com/is/content/MandarinOriental/corporate-13arMOIL [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.hkma.org.hk/qa/past_winner/summary_pdf/mandarin_oriental.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Mandarin Oriental International Limited Annual Report 2012. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://photos.mandarinoriental.com/is/content/MandarinOriental/corporate-12arMOIL [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Mandarinoriental.com, (2015).Our Company | Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group. [online] Available at: https://www.mandarinoriental.com/about-us/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. McKay, L. (2015). Anywhere Is Everywhere. [online] Available at: https://www.destinationcrm.com/Articles/Editorial/Magazine-Features/Anywhere-Is-Everywhere-72089.aspx [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Mohg.snaphire.com, (2015).Careers | Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group. [online] Available at: https://mohg.snaphire.com/home [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Seals, T. (2015). Mandarin Oriental Investigates Data Breach Incident.Infosecurity Magazine. [online] Available at: 2012 Sustainability Report. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] mandarin oriental hotel group. Available at: https://files.mandarinoriental.com/sustainability/2012-1/files/inc/458adc1220.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. SuccessFactors supports Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group global growth Strategy. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.successfactors.com/static/docs/Mandarin_CaseStudy_final_art_CRAIG_approved_JM_0121.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Szulanski, G. (2015).Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/faculty/documents/Mandarin_Oriental-A-w.pdf [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015].